Published : 31 March 2026

Fisher’s and Modified Millard-Onizuka Techniques for Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: Comparison of Surgical Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction

  • Kristaninta Bangun
  • Andi Azwadi Rais
  • Vika Tania
  • Puri Ambar Lestari
  • Dhita Kurniasari
  • Vania Aramita Sari
  • Clara Menna

Volume 13, Issue 1, (2026) Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi | Pages : 21-28

DOI: 10.14228/jprjournal.v13i1.55   Reader : 1 times PDF Download : 0 times

Abstract

Introduction: Unilateral cleft lip (UCL) surgery aims to achieve symmetry and correct functional and aesthetic issues. The Millard technique dominated until 2005, when Fisher introduced a new surgical method that is still in use today. This study aims to compare the symmetry outcomes and patient satisfaction levels between the Fisher and Modified Millard-Onizuka techniques.
Method : A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the outcomes of the Fisher and Modified Millard-Onizuka techniques in patients with UCL who had undergone cleft lip surgery. Five experienced plastic surgeons assessed photographs using Steffensen’s criteria, while patients and parents completed the Cleft Evaluation Profile satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS v.29.
Results: The intraclass correlation test showed a Cronbach’s alpha >0.7 for all criteria, indicating strong reliability. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in Steffensen's criteria scores among the five raters between the study groups. However, the satisfaction questionnaire indicated higher satisfaction with dental appearance in the Fisher technique group. This finding may be attributed to the fact that all patients in this group were treated at a multidisciplinary cleft centre.
Conclusion: Surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction after cleft lip surgery using Fisher’s technique are comparable to the modified Millard-Onizuka technique.

Data Availability

All data generated during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Keywords

  • Fisher’s Technique
  • Modified Millard
  • Unilateral Cleft Lip
  • Symmetry
  • Satisfaction

Author Information

Kristaninta Bangun

Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Email: kristaninta.s3@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6312-9261

Andi Azwadi Rais

Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Email: andiazwadirais@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8444-1944

Vika Tania

Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.

Email: vika.tania@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0314-0936

Puri Ambar Lestari

Koja Regional General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Email: puri.ambar@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7299-6208

Dhita Kurniasari

Koja Regional General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Email: dhita.kurniasari25@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-6217

Vania Aramita Sari

Plasthetic Clinic, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Email: vania.aramita@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1061-5978

Clara Menna

Cleft and Craniofacial Centre, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Email: claramenna@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-0403

Article History

Submitted : 1 November 2025
Revised : 1 November 2025
Published : 31 March 2026

How to Cite This

Bangun, K., Rais, A. A., Tania, V., Lestari, P. A., Kurniasari, D., Sari, V. A., & Menna, C. (2026). Fisher’s and Modified Millard-Onizuka Techniques for Unilateral Cleft Lip Repair: Comparison of Surgical Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction. Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi, 13(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.14228/jprjournal.v13i1.55

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