Published : 15 February 2025

Predicting Free Flap Viability: Integrating Lactate and Glucose Measurements with Artificial Intelligence

  • Mufida Muzakkie
  • Krisna Murti
  • Siti Nurmaini
  • Hardi Siswo Soedjana

Volume 12, Issue 1, (2025): Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi | Pages : 42-47

DOI: 10.14228/jprjournal.v12i1.388   Reader : 88 times PDF Download : 38 times

Abstract

Introduction: In reconstructive surgery, free flaps are a superior method for resurfacing defects. While free flap viability is typically monitored by subjective clinical examination, lactate and glucose levels in free flaps, which can affect tissue metabolism during ischaemia and reperfusion, can help predict viability. This study aims to review previous research and provide a theoretical basis for using artificial intelligence in lactate and glucose measurement as a means of assessing flap viability.
Method: The primary databases used to retrieve the key medical literature presented in this study were book references and Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct, using search terms related to the topic. Only articles written in English and published less than ten years ago were included.
Results:  Lactate levels detect perfusion impairment earlier than clinical signs or other biochemical markers while glucose monitoring can indicate underlying metabolic dysregulation or physiological stress, helps early detection of complications. Combining lactate and glucose measurements enhances diagnostic accuracy and allows for timely interventions for flap viability. Studies confirm this dual monitoring is a practical, unbiased, and has the potential to be developed into an artificial intelligence tool to improve patient outcomes.
Conclusion: Lactate and glucose measurements in free flap monitoring have distinct benefits. Lactate detects ischaemia and reflects tissue metabolism, while glucose monitors energy metabolism and systemic health. Combining these leading to improved flap survival rates. With accessible tools, this approach improves patient care and outcomes in reconstructive surgery.

Data Availability

All data generated during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Keywords

  • Free flap monitoring
  • Lactate
  • Glucose
  • Tissue metabolism
  • Artificial intelligence

Author Information

Mufida Muzakkie

Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon, Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Mohammad Hoesin Central General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia.

Email: mufida.muzakkie@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1135-4384

Krisna Murti

Pathology Anatomy Departmemt Faculty of Medicine, Haematolymf and Endocrin Division, Mohammad Hoesin Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia.

Email: krisna.arinafril@unsri.ac.id

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-2323

Siti Nurmaini

Intelligent System Research Group, Faculty of Computer Science, Sriwijaya University, Palembang, Indonesia.

Email: sitinurmaini@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8024-2952

Hardi Siswo Soedjana

Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeon, Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Division, Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital - Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia.

Email: hardisiso.soedjana5@gmail.com

ORCID : https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5367-463X

Article History

Submitted : 31 January 2025
Revised : 31 January 2025
Published : 15 February 2025

How to Cite This

Muzakkie, M., Murti, K., Nurmaini, S., & Soedjana, H. S. (2025). Predicting Free Flap Viability: Integrating Lactate and Glucose Measurements with Artificial Intelligence. Jurnal Plastik Rekonstruksi, 12(1), 42–47. https://doi.org/10.14228/jprjournal.v12i1.388

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